The Heart of the Tree- Line by line explanation: Stanza-wise summary and Analysis

The Heart of the Tree: Line by line explanation: Stanza-wise summary and Analysis

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First Stanza

What does he plant who plants a tree?

He plants a friend of sun and sky;

The poem opens with the refrain which asks “What does he plant who plants a tree?”. We instantly realize that theme of the poem is going to be the benefits of planting a tree. The first line is also an example of hypophora. The speaker asks the question and goes on to answer it himself by stating that the man plants a friend of the sun and the sky by planting a tree.

A plant grows upwards and aims to reach the sun and the sky. So it is as if the sun and the sky gets a new friend in a tree. Secondly, the tree needs sunlight and air to survive. So they're mutually beneficial to each other just like friends. And finally, the trees seem to absorb the heat and save the earth from the scorching sun, giving an implication that the sun becomes friendly in the presence of the trees.

He plants the flag of breezes free;

The shaft of beauty towering high;

The speaker here used a metaphor to compare the tree to a flag. He says that the man plants a flag that flies freely in the mild breeze. The poet here compares the leafy branches of the tree to a flag and the stem to the beautiful shaft/pole of the flag that stands tall.

He plants a home to heaven anigh;

For song and mother-croon of bird

Trees serve as a natural habitat for numerous birds and animals . Therefore, by planting a tree the man plants a home for the sweet singing birds high in the sky, near the heaven. So, he keeps the earth habitable for birds and helps in maintaining the ecological balance.

In hushed and happy twilight heard—

The treble of heaven’s harmony—

These things he plants who plants a tree.

In quiet and happy twilight we can hear those birds chirping which is harmonious to heaven’s own tunes.

Thus, in the entire first stanza of The Heart of the Tree, the poet accentuates the importance of trees in maintaining the holistic beauty of nature. Moreover, the use of words like ‘heaven anigh’, ‘heaven’s harmony’ and ‘towering high’ is aimed at giving an impression that the work of planting a tree is indeed a heavenly and glorious deed.

The finishing line of the stanza forms a logical whole with the opening line, one asking a question and the other completing the answer.

Second Stanza

What does he plant who plants a tree?

He plants cool shade and tender rain,

The poet repeats the question to begin a new stanza and attempts to answer the question again in the subsequent lines. The tree he plants provides us with cool shade and helps in bringing rain.

And seed and bud of days to be,

And years that fade and flush again;

A tree will produce seed and bud in future. Years will pass silently but the tree will remain there through its seeds producing new trees.

He plants the glory of the plain;

He plants the forest’s heritage;

Trees are the main elements that make a plain area green and beautiful. So the poet describes trees as ‘the glory of the plain’. Moreover, today’s single tree may turn into a forest someday. So by planting a tree now the man plants a ‘forest’s heritage’.

The harvest of a coming age;

The joy that unborn eyes shall see—

These things he plants who plants a tree.

The speaker mentions that planting a tree today would give fruits in coming days. Our next generations would be delighted seeing so much vegetation and reap its benefits. So all the credit goes to the man who plants a tree.

In this stanza of the poem The Heart of the Tree the poet stresses on the importance of planting a tree for making this earth a better living place for future generations.

Third Stanza

What does he plant who plants a tree?

He plants in sap and leaf and wood,

In love of home and loyalty

And far-cast thought of civic good—

His blessings on the neighbourhood,

By planting a tree the man shows his love and loyalty for the earth (his home), his sense of civic duty and his blessings on the neighbourhood. All these are reflected in the ‘sap and leaf and wood’, in every cell of the tree.

Who in the hollow of His hand

Holds all the growth of all our land—

A nation’s growth from sea to sea

Stirs in his heart who plants a tree.

By planting a tree the man directly or indirectly contributes to the nation’s growth. When a tree is planted, it sets in motion the progress of a nation from sea to sea. And all these start from the progressive thought in the man’s heart who plants a tree.

The capitalization in ‘His’ indicates that the man who plants a tree is all-powerful and the destiny-maker of a nation.

This last line is very important as it talks about the man’s heart, his feelings, dreams and wishes behind planting the tree. This also leads to the poem’s title ‘The Heart of the Tree’.