Selina Concise ICSE Solutions For Class 8 Physics Chapter 4 - Energy
Click here for solved Numericals from the exercise: http://energy-numericals-class-8
Part A: Objective Type Questions
Part B: Short/Long Answer Type Questions
A.Objective Questions
1. Write true or false for each statement
(a) A coolie does no work against the force of gravity while carrying a luggage on a road.
Answer. True.
(b) The energy stored in water of a dam is the kinetic energy.
Answer. False.
The energy stored in water of a dam is the potential energy.
(c) The energy of a flying kite is kinetic energy.
Answer. True.
(d) Work done by a boy depends on the time in which he does work.
Answer. False.
(e) Power spent by a body depends on the time for which it does work.
Answer. True.
2. Fill in the blanks
(a) Work is said to be done by a forte only when the body moves.
(b) Work done = Force × distance moved in direction of force.
(c) The energy of a body is its capacity to do work.
(d) The S.I. unit of energy is joule.
(e) The potential energy of a body is due to its state of rest or position and kinetic energy of body is due to its state of motion.
(f) Gravitational potential energy U = mass × force of gravity on unit mass × height.
(g) Kinetic energy = 1/2 × mass × (speed)2
(h) Power P=work done/time taken.
(i) The S . i. unit of power is watt
(j) I H.P. = 746 W
3. Match the following
4. Select the correct alternative
(a) The S.I. unit of work is
1. second
2. metre
3. joule
4. newton
Answer:
joule
(b) No work is done by a force if the body
1. moves in direction of force
2. does not move
3. moves in opposite direction
4. none of the these
Answer:
does not move
(c) Two coolies A and B do some work in time 1 minute and 2 minute respectively. The power spent is
1. same by both coolies
2. is more by coolie A than by B
3. is less by coolie A than by B
4. nothing can be said.
Answer:
is more by coolie A than by B
(d) The expression of power P is
1. P = mgh
2. P = P = 1/2 Mv2
3. P = F × d
4. P = F × d/t
Answer:
P = F × d/t
(e) I H.P. ¡s equal to
1. 1 W
2. 1 J
3. 746 J
4. 746 W
Answer:
746 W
(f) When a boy doubles his speed, his kinetic energy becomes
1. half
2. double
3. four times
4. no change
Answer:
four times
(g) A boy lifts a luggage from height 2 m to 4 m. The potential energy will become
1. half
2. double
3. one-third
4. one-fourth
Answer:
double
Part B:
When we are pushing a wall we are not doing any work as the position of wall is not change i.e. wall has not moved in the direction of force.
• WORK: “is said to be done if on applying force on a body, the body moves (or changes it position) from it place in the direction of force. W = F × d
Or
“Work is said to be done by a force applied on a body, if it changes its size or shape.”
• FACTORS AFFECTING THE AMOUNT OF WORK DONE : W = F × d
(i) Magnitude of force applied.
(ii) Distance moved by the body in the direction of force.
UNIT OF WORK : W = F × d
s.i unit W= 1N × 1m = Nm = joule (J)
1 kgf = 9.8 N is force on 1 kg ∴ F = mg
Work done – 1 kgf × m = 9.8 N m = 9.8 J = 10 J nearly
• A cooli standing with a box on his head, does no work as distance moved is zero. ~
• A cooli with a box on his head and walking is doing no work as force is acting vertically downward and direction of motion is at right angle.
• ENERGY: “is capacity of doing work.”
Or
“The work done on a body in changing its state is called energy.”
s.1. unit of energy = S.I. unit of work = (J)
• JOULE: “A body is said to possess a energy of one joule. If a force of 1 Newton moves the body by a distance of 1 meter in the direction of force.”
• MECHANICAL ENERGY: “The energy possessed by a body due to its state of rest or state of motion is called mechanical energy.
• Potential energy and kinetic energy are mechanical energies
• POTENTIAL Energy (P.E.) : “Is energy possessed by body due to its state of rest or position.” P.E. = mgh
• KINETIC Energy (K.E.) : “Is energy possessed by body due to its motion.”
K.E. = 1/2 M V2
• GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL ENERGY: “When a stone or water is raised (lifted) from ground to a height, work is done against the force of gravity. This work is stored in the stone or water in the form of GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL ENERGY.”
• A stretched bow, due to change in position possesses potential energy. When stretched bow is released the arrow comes in motion and due to motion possesses the kinetic energy• and hits the body on which it strikes.
• When a body at a height, it possess P.E. = mgh. When it falls, height decreases and speed increases
∴ its P.E. decreases and K.E. increases.
• Powder : “Rate of doing work”. P = W/t
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