Chapter 8 Study of Compounds: Hydrogen Chloride Solutions Selina Concise Chemistry

ICSE Class 10 Chemistry Chapter 8 Study of Compounds: Hydrogen Chloride Solutions Selina Concise Chemistry 

Short Questions

Question 1: (i) State one condition under which chlorine and hydrogen react to form hydrogen chloride gas.
(ii) Give a balanced chemical equation for the above reaction.
(iii) Name the gas which is a covalent compound but becomes electrovalent when dissolved in water?
(iv) For which gas, ammonia fountain experiment can be used?
Answer: (i) Presence of diffused sunlight.
(ii) H₂ + Cl₂  ⟶  2HCl
(iii) Hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas.
(iv) Hydrogen chloride gas.

Question 2: A colourless gas G fumes strongly in the air. The gas gives dense white fumes when a glass rod dipped in ammonia solution is held near the gas.
Answer the following questions:
(i) Name the gas G.
(ii) Name two chemicals used in the preparation of the gas G.
(iii) Write the chemical equations for the reaction of the chemicals named in (ii) when :
(a) The reaction mixture is not heated.
(b) The reaction mixture is heated above 100°C.
(iv) Why does the gas G fume strongly in air ?
(v) Why does the gas G form dense white fumes with ammonium hydroxide?
Answer: (i) The gas G is hydrogen chlorine gas.
(ii) The chemicals are (i) sodium chloride, (ii) concentrate sulphuric acid.
(iii) (a) NaCl + H₂SO₄ (conc.)  ⟶  NaHSO₄ + HCl (g)
(b) Nacl + NaHSO₄  ⟶  Na₂SO₄ + HCl (g)
(iv) It is because the HCl gas is extremely soluble in water. Thus the gas dissolves in water vapour present in the air to form tiny droplets of hydrochloric acid, which appear in the form of fumes.
(v) The HCl gas reacts with vapours of ammonium hydroxide to form very fine solid particles of ammonium hydroxide which are white in colour. These white particles of solid ammonium hydroxide appear in the form of white fumes.

Question 3: (i) How will you dry HCl acid gas.
(ii) Give three tests of hydrogen chloride.
(iii) Which two colourless gases combine to form a white solid.
Answer: (i) HCl gas can be dried by passing it over conc. H₂SO₄, which acts as a powerful dehydrating agent.
(ii) Tests for Hydrogen Chloride.
(1) It gives dense white fumes with a rod dipped in NH₄OH solution.
(2) It produces white ppt. with AgNO₃ solution.

(3) It turns moist blue litmus red.
(iii) NH₃ and HCl gases combine to form a white solid NH₄Cl

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HUMYd1zQELk

Question 4: (i) (a) What must be added to sodium chloride to obtain hydrogen chloride?
(b) Write the equation for the reaction which takes place in (a) (i) above.
(c) What would you see when hydrogen chloride is mixed with ammonia?
(ii) Hydrogen chloride dissolve in water forming an acidic solution:
(a) Name the experiment which demonstrates that hydrogen chloride is very soluble in water.
(b) Give three distinct tests (apart from using an indicator) you would carry out with this solution to illustrate the typical properties of an acid.
Answer: (i) (a) Concentrated Sulphuric acid.

(c) When an aqueous solution of ammonia is taken in the jar of hydrogen chloride, it forms dense white fumes of ammonium chloride.
NH₃ + HCl  ⟶  NH₃Cl
(ii) (a) Fountain experiment.
(b) An acid reacts with:
(I) Metal carbonates and bicarbonates with effervescence to liberate CO₂.
(II) Acids react with metal sulphides to liberate H₂S gas which has the smell of rotten eggs
(III) Acids react with metal sulphites to liberate SO₂ gas.

Question 5: (i) (a) Name the oxidising agent in the reaction between Manganese dioxide and cone, hydrochloric acid.
(b) State your observation when a rod dipped in ammonium hydroxide solution is brought near a gas jar containing hydrogen chloride gas.
Manganese (IV) oxide, lead (IV) oxide, and red lead (Pb₃O₄) react with concentrated hydrochloric acid liberating chlorine.
(ii) (a) What is the common property being shown by these metal oxides?
(b) Write the equation for the reaction of concentrated hydrochloric add with Pb₃O₄.
(c) What kind of compound can be added to bleaching powder to obtain chlorine?
Answer: (i) (a) Manganese dioxide acts as an oxidising agent.
(b) Dense white fumes appear in the jar on account of the formation of fine particles of ammonium chloride which get suspended in the gas.
(ii) (a) Oxidizing agents
(b) Pb₃O₄ + 8HCl  ⟶  3PbCl₂ + 4H₂O + Cl₂
(c) Dilute acid (Hydrochloric acid)

Question 6: Answer the following questions, stating your answer only to compounds in the following list: Silver nitrate, hydrochloric acid, chlorine, ammonia, bleaching powder.
(i) What is a water sterilizer?
(ii) Which compound forms a curdy white precipitate with hydrogen chloride?
(iii) Name the gas which produces dense white fumes with ammonia, write the balanced chemical equation.
Answer: (i) Chlorine is a water sterilizer.
(ii) Silver nitrate and hydrochloric acid form white ppt.
AgNO₃ + HCl  ⟶  AgCl (White ppt.) + HNO₃
White ppt.
(iii) Hydrogen chloride (HCl)
NH₃ + HCl  ⟶  NH₄Cl (Dense white fumes)

Question 7: (i) When moist chlorine reacts with hydrogen sulphide, two products are formed :
(a) A gas which fumes in moist air; and
(b) A yellow solid.
Name these products.
(ii) What type of reaction is taking place when chlorine acts as a bleaching agent?
Answer: (i) (a) Hydrogen chloride gas (b) Sulphur
(ii) Oxidation reaction.

Question 8: From the gases-ammonia, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen sulphide, sulphur dioxide-Select the following:
(i) The gas which gives a white percipitate when reacted with silver nitrate solution
acidified with dilute nitric acid.
(ii) A solution of hydrogen chloride in water is prepared. The following substances are added to separate portions of the solution.

Complete the table by writing the gas evolved in each case and its odour, (i) Hydrogen chloride
Answer: (i) hydrogen chloride
(ii)

Question 9: What is aqua regia? How does it help in dissolving Gold or Platinum.
Answer: A mixture of 1 part of cone, nitric acid and 3 parts of cone, hydro chloric acid by weight is called aqua regia.
The cone. HCl and conc. HNO₃ reacts to form hascent chlorine which reacts with Gold or Platinum to form their respective soluble chlorides.

Question 10: State three uses of hydrochloric acid.
Answer: (i) It is used in the manufacture of silver chloride, which is used widely in photography.
(ii) It is used in the manufacture of dyes, drugs and paints.
(iii) It is used for cleaning metal surface before painting, electroplating, galvanising, soldering etc.

Figure/Table Based Questions

Question 1: Refer to the flow chart diagram below and give balanced equations with conditions, if any, for the following conversions A to D.

Answer:

Question 2: In the laboratory preparation of hydrochloric acid, HCl gas is dissolved in water.
(i) Draw a diagram to show the arrangement used for the absorption of HCl in water.
(ii) Why is such an arrangement necessary? Give two reasons.
(iii) Write the chemical equations for the laboratory preparation of HCl gas when the reactants are :
(A) below 200°C (B) above 200°C
Answer:

Question 3: The diagram shows an apparatus for the laboratory preparation of hydrogen chloride.

(i) Identify A and B.
(ii) Write the equation for the reaction.
(iii) How would you check whether or not the gas jar is filled with hydrogen chloride?
(iv) What does the method of collection tell you about the density of hydrogen chloride?
Answer:

(iii) If a moist blue litmus brought near the mouth of gas jar turns red, the gas jar is filled with HCI.
(iv) Hydrogen chloride is denser than air.

Question 4: Study the figure given below and answer the questions that follow:

(i) Identify the gas Y.
(ii) What property of gas Y does this experiment demonstrate?
(iii) Name another gas which has the same property and can be demonstrated through this experiment.
Answer: (i) Y is hydrochloride (HCl) gas.
(ii) Gas Y is highly soluble in water.
(iii) Ammonia gas.

Question 5: The given figure shown is for the preparation of an acid.

(i) Name the acid prepared by this method.
(ii) Name the reactants used.
(iii) Why an empty flask is used.
(iv) What is the drying agent used? Why is this drying agent chosen?
(v) What is the role of the inverted funnel in the arrangement?
Answer: (i) Hydrochloric acid.
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